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Objective To investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid(ALA)on 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-induced autophagy in human neuroblastoma(SH-SYSY)cells and its possible mechanisms.Methods SH-SYSY cells were divided into 5 groups:blank control group (group A),ALA group (group B),6-OHDA group(group C),ALA+6-OHDA group(group D),and rapamycin(RAPA)group (group E).The cell viability,cell apoptosis,and oxidative stress were assayed and analyzed in A-D group.The expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMP-K),phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR were detected by Western blot in A-E group.Results Compared with the blank control group,the 6-OHDA group significantly reduced the cell viability(P ＜ 0.01) and p-mTOR protein expression (P ＜0.05),and increased the cellular apoptosis rate(P＜0.01),oxidative stress level(P ＜0.01),LC3-Ⅱ protein expression(P＜0.05,with the highest level at 6 h after treatment),and p-AMPK protein expression(P＜＜0.05).There was no significant difference in these indices between ALA group and the blank control group.Compared with 6-OHDA group,ALA+ 6-OHDA group showed that the cell viability(P ＜ 0.01) and p-mTOR protein expression (P ＜ 0.05) were increased,while the cellular apoptosis rate(P＜0.01),oxidative stress level(P＜0.01),LC3-Ⅱ protein expression(P ＜0.05),and p-AMPK protein expression (P ＜ 0.05)were decreased.Conclusions The 6-OHDA can induce oxidative stress and autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells and decrease the cell viability.ALA can alleviate the 6-OHDA-induced cell injury possibly by inhibiting autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Objective To understand the expiration date of alcohol-based hand disinfectant after it is opened for use,and provide reference for rational clinical application of alcohol-based hand disinfectant.Methods 20 bottles of the same brand alcohol-based hand disinfectant which opened at the same time by the clinical departments were selected as the study object,hand hygiene compliance in theses departments ranked fourth from the end in the hospital,specimens were taken on the first day after opening,and repeated every 10 days until the disinfectant was used up.Hand specimens were also taken after disinfected by disinfectant.Qualified condition of disinfectant and hand specimens was detected.Results A total of 98 disinfectant specimens were collected,by naked eye observation,20 bottles of alcohol-based hand disinfectant were free of discoloration,precipitation,and suspended matter during the whole study period.The qualified detection rates of alcohol-based hand disinfectant within 60 days after opening were all 100%.44 hand specimens were taken and detected after disinfection,3 of which were unqualified(all were disinfected by alcohol-based hand disinfectant 50 days after opening),then detected again after disinfected by the same batch of disinfectant,all were qualified,which suggested that unqualified detection result of hand specimens was not due to disinfectant.Conclusion Alcohol-based hand disinfectant still has a good bactericidal effect on the sixth day after opening.
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Objective To understand occupational stress and burnout status of nurses working for general or cancer hospitals of Xinjiang so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and reduction of occupational stress and burnout of nurses.Methods A total of 497 nurses from a general hospital or a tertiary-level cancer hospital were recruited by using random sampling to learn their occupational stress and burnout.Results Of 497 participants,247 were working for comprehensive hospitals and 250 for cancer hospitals.In comparison with the norm,the nurses of general hospitals showed higher scores in occupational task dimension (t=14.316,P＜0.05) and personal strain dimension (t=25.416,P＜0.05),but lower scores in personal resource dimension (t=7.389,P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the nurses of cancer hospitals were found to have higher scores in occupational task dimension (t=15.840,P＜0.05) and personal strain dimension (t=15.694,P＜0.05),but lower scores in personal resource dimension (t=7.488,P＜0.05) when compared to the norm.Those working in general hospitals had higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension (t=13.109,P＜0.05) and passive burnout dimension (t=13.198,P＜0.05) than the norm,while lower scores in professional sense dimension (t=17.716,P＜0.05).The nurses of cancer hospitals were observed to show higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension (t=8.044,P＜0.05) and negative burnout dimension (t=1 1.111,P＜0.05) than the norm,while lower scores in professional sense dimension (t=20.820,P＜0.05).Conclusions Hospital managers should take efforts to control nurses' occupational stress and burnout-related factors so as to enhance their work initiative.
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Objective Explore the differences in effectiveness and safety between endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early esophageal cancer (EEC).Methods Papers published from January 1990 to December 2012 in Medline,Embase,Cochrane library,Wanfang,VIP and CNKI were searched in English and Chinese respectively to identify the studies comparing ESD with EMR for EEC.Meta-analysis for each outcome of the included studies that were identified by the inclusion criteria and the exclusion criteria was conducted using software Revman 5.1.Outcome measures consisted of three effectiveness-relevant measures (rates of en bloc resection,curative resection,local recurrence) and four safety-relevant measures (bleeding,perforation,stenosis and operation time).Results A total of 8 non-randomized retrospective cohort studies (five full-text and three abstracts) were included.Meta-analysis showed significantly higher rates of en bloc resection [98.36％ (360/366) vs.41.79％ (252/603),P ＜ 0.01],curative resection [90.81％ (168/185) vs.50.65 ％ (194/383),P ＜ 0.01] and perforation [4.51％ (21/466) vs.1.25％ (8/640),P =0.03] in ESD group compared with EMR group,and the rate of local recurrence was significantly lower in ESD group [0.55％ (2/366) vs.13.76％ (83/603),P ＜0.01].There were no significant differences in the rates of bleeding [0.21％ (1/466) vs.0.63％(4/640),P =0.41] or stenosis [10.48％ (39/372) vs.10.15％ (41/404),P =0.89].Conclusion Compared with EMR,ESD showed obvious advantages of effectiveness and resemble risks for endoscopic resection of EEC,therefore ESD should be the first choice for endoscopic treatment of EEC.
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potential use in clinical therapy and prognosis estimation of the tumor.
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Objective To study the maternal blood glucose management of gestational diabetes mellitus during the labor and relationship of maternal blood glucose in labor and neonatal blood sugar. Methods A prospective study on maternal blood glucose monitoring and control during labor was carried in 40 pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. We adjusted maternal blood glucose by low-dosage constant insulin drop during labor. Results Maternal blood glucose in labor arranged between 3.8 ～ 11.2 mmol/L,and low-dosage constant insulin drop was used in 17 cases (42.5%). The neonatal blood glucose was (4.0?1.5)mmol/L following delivery and (3.9?1.0)mmol/L at 24-hour postpartum. There were 2 cases with neonatal hypoglycemia. The neonatal blood glucose of the rest 23 cases was (4.2?1.5)mmol/L,and (3.9?1.0)mmol/L at 24-hour postpartum,and 1 case with neonatal hypoglycemia. There was no the difference of the blood glucose level of newborns between mothers with abnormal glucose metabolism and the normal pregnant women. Conclusion It is necessary to monitor and control the blood glucose level by low dose constant insulin during labor in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism.